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New quality requirements for tobacco products

European Pharmaceutical Review

1 In the EU, the Tobacco Products Directive (2014/40/EU) governs “the manufacture, presentation and sale of tobacco and related products”. The harmful effects of smoking are well known, causing more avoidable deaths than any other single cause. The AIs for NNN and NNK are 96.0 μg/g tobacco (ie, 306-7400 ng/g tobacco) and NNK: 0.194-3.2

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How the Ukrainian clinical trial industry is overcoming disruption

Pharmaceutical Technology

Given the conflict present in the eastern part of Ukraine from 2014, sponsors, investigators and logistics providers were prepared for potential disruption. Research recommencing has been accelerated by ingenuity from Ukrainian policymakers and businesses in two key areas: law and logistics.